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Stocks kicked off the week on shaky footing as major equity indexes struggled to hold above key support levels following Friday?s massive sell-off. Markets briefly peered into positive territory Monday morning as elections in Spain over the weekend restored bailout?hopes for the debt-burdened nation. Better-than-expected earnings from Caterpillar?received?little to no attention as profit-taking pressures broadly dominated markets throughout the entire session?[see also ETF Insider: Buy On This Dip With Caution].
Earnings season continues full steam ahead at home, while on the international front the Bank of Canada interest rate decision comes into the spotlight later today. As such, our ETF to watch for the day is the iShares MSCI Canada Index Fund [etf ticker='EWC' ratings='true'], which may see an increase in trading?activity?following the economic commentary issued after the rate decision; analyst are largely expecting for the nation?s benchmark rate to remain unchanged at 1.0%?[see also Free Report: How To Buy The Right ETF Every Time].
Following its bull-run since bottoming out in July of this year, this ETF appears to be trading in a ?sweet spot? from a technical perspective. Notice how this ETF has been oscillating between the $29 and $28 levels since hitting $29.63 a share on September 14, 2012; EWC recently failed to summit the $29.50 level, and proceeded to decline towards support closer to the $28 mark. Seeing as this fund is currently trading near the bottom-half of its short-term range, seasoned traders may wish to jump in at current levels in anticipation of it bouncing higher, just as it has previously done so?[see Canada ETFs: 9 Ways To Play].
Click to Enlarge
While it?s encouraging to see this ETF trading above its 200-day moving average (yellow line), conservative investors may wish to hold off from jumping in long as EWC has posted lower-highs since its most recent peak at $29.63 a share?[see our?ETF Technical Trading FAQ].
If the Bank of Canada issues a?surprisingly?pessimistic?outlook, EWC could face major headwinds; in terms of downside, the first level of support for this ETF comes in at $28 a share followed by the $27 level. A bullish economic outlook, on the other hand, may encourage buying; in terms of upside, this ETF has major resistance just shy of the $29.50 level.?As always, investors of all experience levels are advised to use stop-loss orders and practice disciplined profit-taking techniques.
Follow me on Twitter?@SBojinov
[For more ETF analysis, make sure to sign up for our?free ETF newsletter?or try a?free seven day trial to ETFdb Pro]
Disclosure: No positions at time of writing.
Click here to read the original article on ETFdb.com.
Read more posts on ETF Database ?
Source: http://www.businessinsider.com/tuesdays-etf-chart-to-watch-msci-canada-index-fund-ewc-2012-10
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Source: dealbook.nytimes.com --- Wednesday, October 24, 2012
Debt collection agencies, whose sometimes aggressive tactics have earned them scrutiny from consumer protection groups and state regulators, will come under federal supervision for the first time when the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau begins oversight early next year. The consumer agency will examine companies to ensure they properly identify themselves to consumers and disclose the amount of Debt owed, Edward Wyatt reports in The New York Times. Read more ? ...
Source: http://dealbook.nytimes.com/2012/10/24/new-federal-rules-for-debt-collectors/
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Source: http://news.yahoo.com/x-factor-renewed-third-season-fox-220515853.html
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JERUSALEM (Reuters) - Former U.S. President Jimmy Carter on Monday said the Israeli-Palestinian peace process had reached a crisis point and that Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu's government was not pursuing a two-state solution.
"That policy of promoting a two-state solution seems to be abandoned now and we are deeply concerned about this move towards this catastrophic so-called one-state choice ... this is a major concern," Carter told a news conference.
Carter helped forge Israel's peace deal with Egypt in 1979, the first between the Jewish state and an Arab country but has been a strong critic of Israeli settlement policy in the occupied West Bank and East Jerusalem.
"Every (Israeli) prime minister that I have known has been a pursuer of the two-state solution and I don't know that (U.S. President Barack) Obama has found that Prime Minister Netanyahu has been willing to go that route," Carter added.
He spoke during a visit along with other members of "The Elders", a group of former world leaders, to Israel, the occupied West Bank and Egypt.
"All indications to us is that this two-state solution has basically been abandoned and we've had a moving forward towards a 'greater Israel' which I think is contrary to the two-state solution concept," Carter said.
Israeli-Palestinian peace talks collapsed in 2010 over settlement building in the West Bank, territory Israel captured in a 1967 Middle East war that Palestinians seek, with the Gaza Strip, for a future state, with East Jerusalem as its capital.
Netanyahu has voiced support for a two-state solution, but has said a future Palestinian country must be demilitarized and accept an Israeli military presence along the Jordan River, its likely eastern frontier.
He has said Israel was willing to make "painful compromises" for peace that require giving up "parts of the ancestral Jewish homeland" but has balked at returning to lines that existed before the 1967 conflict.
Israel cites historical and Biblical links to the West Bank, which it calls Judea and Samaria.
(Writing by Ori Lewis; Editing by Michael Roddy)
Source: http://news.yahoo.com/israel-not-committed-two-state-solution-carter-181641219.html
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Houston Texans wide receiver Kevin Walter (83) scores a touchdown against Baltimore Ravens cornerback Cary Williams (29) during the first half of an NFL football game on Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, Houston, Texas. (AP Photo/Waco Tribune Herald, Jose Yau)
Oakland Raiders quarterback Carson Palmer (3) passes as Jacksonville Jaguars linebacker Paul Posluszny (51) applies pressure during the second quarter of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Oakland, Calif. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
New England Patriots defensive tackle Vince Wilfork (75) and defensive end Chandler Jones (95) celebrate a New York Jets safety in the second quarter of an NFL football game in Foxborough, Mass., Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Elise Amendola)
Tampa Bay Buccaneers quarterback Josh Freeman (5) walks off the field following the their 35-28 loss to the New Orleans Saints in an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Brian Blanco)
Jacksonville Jaguars running back Rashad Jennings (23) celebrates after scoring on a 5-yard touchdown run with wide receiver Mike Thomas (80) against the Oakland Raiders during the second quarter of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Oakland, Calif. (AP Photo/Marcio Jose Sanchez)
New York Giants cornerback Jayron Hosley (28) celebrates with teammates after recovering a fumble during the second half of an NFL football game against the Washington Redskins, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in East Rutherford, N.J. The Giants won 27-23. (AP Photo/Bill Kostroun)
Arizona Cardinals cornerback Justin Bethel (31) and Rashad Johnson (49) watch the scoreboard in the second half of an NFL football game against the Minnesota Vikings in Minneapolis, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. The Vikings won 21-14. (AP Photo/Jim Mone)
New Orleans Saints quarterback Drew Brees celebrates after the Saints defeated the Tampa Bay Buccaneers 35-28 during an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Phelan Ebenhack )
Tennessee Titans wide receiver Nate Washington (85) catches the winning touchdown over Buffalo Bills defensive back Justin Rogers (26) during the second half of an NFL football game in Orchard Park, N.Y., Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. Tennessee won 35-34. (AP Photo/Bill Wippert)
New York Giants wide receiver Hakeem Nicks (88) shakes hands with Washington Redskins quarterback Robert Griffin III after an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in East Rutherford, N.J. The Giants won 27-23. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez)
New England Patriots owner Robert Kraft, left, and businessman Donald Trump, right, applaud on the field before an NFL football game between the Patriots and the New York Jets in Foxborough, Mass., Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Charles Krupa)
New York Giants wide receiver Victor Cruz (80) catches a pass as Washington Redskins cornerback Josh Wilson (26) and Madieu Williams pursue him during the second half of an NFL football game on Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in East Rutherford, N.J. The Giants won the game 27-23. (AP Photo/Bill Kostroun)
Houston Texans' Arian Foster celebrates a touchdown against the Baltimore Ravens during the third quarter of an NFL football game Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Houston. (AP Photo/Patric Schneider)
Indianapolis Colts' Reggie Wayne (87) is tackled by Cleveland Browns' Craig Robertson (53) and Buster Skrine (22) during the second half of an NFL football game Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Indianapolis. Indianapolis defeated Cleveland 17-13. (AP Photo/Michael Conroy)
Green Bay Packers defensive end Jerel Worthy, left, and free safety Morgan Burnett celebrate during the fourth quarter of an NFL football game against the St. Louis Rams Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in St. Louis. The Packers won 30-20. (AP Photo/Tom Gannam)
Dallas Cowboys kicker Dan Bailey (5) watches his second field goal of the fourth quarter alongside Brian Moorman (2) in an NFL football game against the Carolina Panthers, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Charlotte, N.C. The Cowboys won 19-14. (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
Baltimore Ravens Tandon Doss (17), Dennis Pitta (88) and Torrey Smith (82) celebrate a touchdown against the Houston Texans during the third quarter of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Houston. (AP Photo/Patric Schneider)
Carolina Panthers defensive back Josh Norman (24) and Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Dwayne Harris (17) speak as Side Judge Tom Hill break them up during the second half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Charlotte, N.C. (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
Green Bay Packers wide receiver Randall Cobb, left, catches a 39-yard touchdown pass as St. Louis Rams cornerback Trumaine Johnson defends during the fourth quarter of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in St. Louis. (AP Photo/Seth Perlman)
Carolina Panthers running back Jonathan Stewart (28) rushes upfield against the Dallas Cowboys during the second half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Charlotte, N.C. (AP Photo/Bob Leverone)
Baltimore Ravens strong safety Bernard Pollard (31) reacts to the officials call during the second quarter of an NFL football game against the Houston Texans Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Houston. (AP Photo/Patric Schneider)
Baltimore Ravens strong safety Bernard Pollard (31) and head linesman John McGrath have a heated exchange during the second quarter of an NFL football game against the Houston Texans, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Houston. (AP Photo/Patric Schneider)
Carolina Panthers fullback Mike Tolbert (35) reacts after scoring a touchdown against the Dallas Cowboys during the second half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Charlotte, N.C.(AP Photo/Bob Leverone)
Houston Texans strong safety Glover Quin (29) tips a pass by Baltimore Ravens quarterback Joe Flacco (5) during the second quarter of an NFL football game Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Houston. (AP Photo/Dave Einsel)
New York Giants running back Ahmad Bradshaw (44) is tackled by Washington Redskins outside linebacker Ryan Kerrigan (91) and Josh Wilson (26) during the first half of an NFL football game Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012 in East Rutherford, N.J. (AP Photo/Kathy Willens)
Washington Redskins quarterback Robert Griffin III (10) avoids a tackle by New York Giants cornerback Prince Amukamara (20) during the first half of an NFL football game on Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012 in East Rutherford, N.J. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez)
St. Louis Rams quarterback Sam Bradford (8) is sacked for a 9-yard loss by Green Bay Packers outside linebacker Clay Matthews during the third quarter of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in St. Louis. (AP Photo/Tom Gannam)
Carolina Panthers wide receiver Brandon LaFell (11) can't make the reception while being defended by Dallas Cowboys free safety Gerald Sensabaugh (43) and cornerback Morris Claiborne (24) during the second half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Charlotte, N.C. (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
Dallas Cowboys wide receiver Miles Austin (19) reacts to his touchdown catch with teammate Lawrence Vickers (47) during the second half of an NFL football game against the Carolina Panthers, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Charlotte, N.C. (AP Photo/Bob Leverone)
Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton (1) runs the ball against the Dallas Cowboys looks on during the first half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Charlotte. (AP Photo/Mike McCarn)
Indianapolis Colts' Andrew Luck, left, and Donnie Avery celebrate after Luck ran for a 5-yard touchdown run during the first half of an NFL football game against the Cleveland Browns, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Indianapolis. (AP Photo/AJ Mast)
Carolina Panthers wide receiver Brandon LaFell (11) heads into the end zone for a touchdown as Dallas Cowboys cornerback Brandon Carr (39) defends during the first half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Charlotte, N.C. (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
New Orleans Saints wide receiver Joe Morgan (13) beats Tampa Bay Buccaneers cornerback E.J. Biggers (31) to the end zone to score on a 48-yard touchdown reception during the second quarter of an NFL football game on Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Tampa, Fla. (AP Photo/Brian Blanco)
New York Giants quarterback Eli Manning (10) celebrates after throwing a touchdown pass to Victor Cruz (80) during the second half of an NFL football game against the Washington Redskins, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in East Rutherford, N.J. The Giants won 27-23. (AP Photo/Bill Kostroun)
Houston Texans cornerback Johnathan Joseph celebrates a touchdown after intercepting a pass against the Baltimore Ravens during the second quarter of an NFL football game Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Houston. (AP Photo/Patric Schneider)
Minnesota Vikings quarterback Christian Ponder (7) breaks away from Arizona Cardinals defensive end Calais Campbell (93) in the first half of an NFL football game in Minneapolis, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Andy King)
Minnesota Vikings running back Adrian Peterson (28) tackles Arizona Cardinals inside linebacker Paris Lenon (51) after Lenon intercepted a pass in the first half of an NFL football game in Minneapolis, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Jim Mone)
Buffalo Bills running back Fred Jackson (22) reacts with fans after scoring a touchdown against the Tennessee Titans during the first half of an NFL football game in Orchard Park, N.Y., Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Bill Wippert)
Minnesota Vikings wide receiver Percy Harvin (12) celebrates after making a touchdown in the first half of an NFL football game against the Arizona Cardinals in Minneapolis, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Andy King)
Dallas Cowboys cornerback Morris Claiborne (24) picks off a Carolina Panthers quarterback Cam Newton pass during the first half of an NFL football game, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Charlotte. Dallas Cowboys inside linebacker Bruce Carter (54) looks on (AP Photo/Chuck Burton)
Cleveland Browns' Greg Little makes a 14-yard touchdown reception against Indianapolis Colts' Jerrell Freeman (50) and Cassius Vaughn (32) during the first half of an NFL football game Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in Indianapolis. (AP Photo/Michael Conroy)
Tennessee Titans running back Chris Johnson (28) scores a touchdown in front of Buffalo Bills defenders George Wilson (37) and Aaron Williams (23) during the first half of an NFL football game in Orchard Park, N.Y., Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012. (AP Photo/Bill Wippert)
Washington Redskins quarterback Robert Griffin III (10) leaves the field after an NFL football game against the New York Giants, Sunday, Oct. 21, 2012, in East Rutherford, N.J. The Giants won 27-23. (AP Photo/Julio Cortez)
Source: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/10/21/texans-ravens-43-13-houston-baltimore_n_1998079.html
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A court in Italy has convicted six scientists and one civil defense official of manslaughter in connection with their predictions about an earthquake in l?Aquila in 2009 that killed 309 people. But, contrary to the majority of the news coverage this decision is getting and the gnashing of teeth in the scientific community, the trial was not about science, not about seismology, not about the ability or inability of scientists to predict earthquakes. These convictions were about poor risk communication, and more broadly, about the responsibility scientists have as citizens to share their expertise in order to help people make informed and healthy choices.
It is ludicrous and na?ve for the American Association for the Advancement of Science to condemn the verdict, as they did the charges when they were filed, as a misunderstanding about the science behind earthquake probabilities. That this was never about the ability of seismologists to predict earthquakes is clear from the very indictment itself; the defendants were accused of giving ?inexact, incomplete and contradictory information? about whether small tremors prior to the April 6 quake should have constituted grounds for a warning.
It was never about whether the scientists could or could not predict earthquakes. Even the leader of the 309 Martiri (309 Martyrs) who pressed for the case to be brought said so; Dr. Vincenzo Vittorini, who lost his wife and daughter in the quake, said back when the trial began ?Nobody here wants to put science in the dock. We all know that the earthquake could not be predicted, and that evacuation was not an option. All we wanted was clearer information on risks in order to make our choices?.
Dr. Vittorini?s frustration and anger are understandable. The scientists did a horrible job of communicating. In fact, the scientists didn?t communicate at all! Italy?s national Commissione Nazionale dei Grandi Rischi asked the experts to convene after a series of tremors in the seismically active Appenines led a local physics lab technician to predict a big quake (based on radon levels).
The experts met for several hours, discounted the radon-based prediction, and agreed that the tremors could not help predict whether there would be a major quake. The scientists then left town without speaking at all. A local civil defense official who ran the meeting was asked about it by a reporter and casually and inaccurately described the discussions. ?The scientific community tells us there is no danger, because there is an ongoing discharge of energy. The situation looks favourable.? Dr. Bernardo De Bernardinis, deputy chief of Italy?s Civil Protection Department, added laconically that local citizens should go have a glass of wine. A little over a week later 309 of them were dead.
That is what this trial was all about; the poor risk communication from Dr. De Bernardinis ? one of those convicted ? and the NON-communication by seismic experts, who would certainly have offered more careful and qualified comments. Did that poor communication cause those tragic deaths and warrant manslaughter convictions? Certainly not directly, as the defense attorneys argued.
Did it fail a frightened community looking to the scientific experts for help, for guidance, for whatever insights they could offer?a community so scared by the tremors and that lab tech?s prediction that hundreds of people were sleeping outdoors? Yes, the poor communication was a serious failure, although scientists share the responsibility with the Italian national government.
While these scientists were there for their expertise in seismic risk, not as communicators, they also knew full well how frightened people were, and how important their opinions about the possibility of a major earthquake would be, and how urgently the community wanted?needed?to hear from them. But they just left town, and let a non-seismologist describe their discussions. For his failing to do so accurately and without appropriate qualifications, the scientists themselves are also surely to blame.
But so is the national government. How can a Commissione Nazionale dei Grandi Rischi, which convenes experts to try to predict and plan for various possible disasters, not include someone responsible for the vital job of risk communication? This is a critical part of overall risk management, because it shapes the way the public perceives a risk, and that has everything to do with how prepared people are for natural disasters, how they respond when a disaster strikes, and how they recover, both physically and psychologically.
The psychological recovery matters a lot to physical health. Chronic stress does great harm to human health in many ways and it is often the case in disaster recovery that the psychological damage does as much damage to the effected community, and in some cases more, than the disastrous event itself.
That there was no one at that experts? meeting trained in and responsible for communicating the results of the discussion to the public, is a gross failure in and of itself. At the very least the experts in the meeting should have been expressly told that as members of the Commissione Nazionale dei Grandi Rischi they had an obligation to communicate to the public they were there to serve. Any risk management program that overlooks the importance of risk communication is dangerously inadequate.
This entire affair could well have been prevented but for that oversight.
But there is a subtext here that brings us back to the role of scientists as communicators and educators, particularly scientists with expertise about issues involving risk. Indeed, this trial sends a message to them all. As much as we need experts to help predict and plan for risk to society in general, we also need experts to help us understand what we need to know to protect ourselves as individuals.
Scientific experts are among the most highly trusted sources of information in society, and as much as they share their expertise about risk with governments, they should also communicate with and educate individuals looking for the same kind of guidance. Small wonder then that the people of l?Aquila are celebrating what is essentially their revenge against those they hoped would help them make informed choices about how to stay safe, experts who ? quite innocently, to be sure ? let those people down.
Image: Flickr/Darkroom Daze
Source: http://rss.sciam.com/click.phdo?i=0f4e4e5d9150fbcca0279a0584477ad9
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Contact: Ken Caldeira
kcaldeira@carnegie.stanford.edu
650-704-7212
Carnegie Institution
Washington, D.C. Solar radiation management is a type of geoengineering that would manipulate the climate in order to reduce the impact of global warming caused by greenhouse gasses. Ideas include increasing the amount of aerosols in the stratosphere, which could scatter incoming solar light away from Earth's surface, or creating low-altitude marine clouds to reflect these same rays.
Research models have indicated that the climatic effect of this type of geoengineering will vary by region, because the climate systems respond differently to the reflecting substances than they do to the atmospheric carbon dioxide that traps warmth in Earth's atmosphere. New work from a team including Carnegie's Ken Caldeira uses a climate model to look at maximizing the effectiveness of solar radiation management techniques. Their work is published October 21st by Nature Climate Change.
Attempting to counteract the warming effect of greenhouse gases with a uniform layer of aerosols in the stratosphere, would cool the tropics much more than it affects polar areas. Greenhouse gases tend to suppress precipitation and an offsetting reduction in amount of sunlight absorbed by Earth would not restore this precipitation. Both greenhouse gases and aerosols affect the distribution of heat and rain on this planet, but they change temperature and precipitation in different ways in different places. Varying the amount of sunlight deflected away from the Earth both regionally and seasonally could combat some of this problem.
By tailoring geoengineering efforts by region and by need, the teamled by California Institute of Technology's Douglas MacMartinwas able to explore ways to maximize effectiveness while minimizing the side effects and risks of this type of planetary intervention.
"These results indicate that varying geoengineering efforts by region and over different periods of time could potentially improve the effectiveness of solar geoengineering and reduce climate impacts in at-risk areas," Caldeira said. "For example, these approaches may be able to reverse long-term changes in the Arctic sea ice."
The study used a sophisticated climate model, but the team's model is still much simpler than the real world. Interference in Earth's climate system, whether intentional or unintentional, is likely to produce unanticipated outcomes.
"We have to expect the unexpected," Caldeira added. "The safest way to reduce climate risk is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions."
###
David Keith of Harvard and Ben Kravitz, formerly of Carnegie but now at DOE's Pacific Northwest National Lab, are co-authors on the study.
The Carnegie Institution for Science is a private, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with six research departments throughout the U.S. Since its founding in 1902, the Carnegie Institution has been a pioneering force in basic scientific research. Carnegie scientists are leaders in plant biology, developmental biology, astronomy, materials science, global ecology, and Earth and planetary science.
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Contact: Ken Caldeira
kcaldeira@carnegie.stanford.edu
650-704-7212
Carnegie Institution
Washington, D.C. Solar radiation management is a type of geoengineering that would manipulate the climate in order to reduce the impact of global warming caused by greenhouse gasses. Ideas include increasing the amount of aerosols in the stratosphere, which could scatter incoming solar light away from Earth's surface, or creating low-altitude marine clouds to reflect these same rays.
Research models have indicated that the climatic effect of this type of geoengineering will vary by region, because the climate systems respond differently to the reflecting substances than they do to the atmospheric carbon dioxide that traps warmth in Earth's atmosphere. New work from a team including Carnegie's Ken Caldeira uses a climate model to look at maximizing the effectiveness of solar radiation management techniques. Their work is published October 21st by Nature Climate Change.
Attempting to counteract the warming effect of greenhouse gases with a uniform layer of aerosols in the stratosphere, would cool the tropics much more than it affects polar areas. Greenhouse gases tend to suppress precipitation and an offsetting reduction in amount of sunlight absorbed by Earth would not restore this precipitation. Both greenhouse gases and aerosols affect the distribution of heat and rain on this planet, but they change temperature and precipitation in different ways in different places. Varying the amount of sunlight deflected away from the Earth both regionally and seasonally could combat some of this problem.
By tailoring geoengineering efforts by region and by need, the teamled by California Institute of Technology's Douglas MacMartinwas able to explore ways to maximize effectiveness while minimizing the side effects and risks of this type of planetary intervention.
"These results indicate that varying geoengineering efforts by region and over different periods of time could potentially improve the effectiveness of solar geoengineering and reduce climate impacts in at-risk areas," Caldeira said. "For example, these approaches may be able to reverse long-term changes in the Arctic sea ice."
The study used a sophisticated climate model, but the team's model is still much simpler than the real world. Interference in Earth's climate system, whether intentional or unintentional, is likely to produce unanticipated outcomes.
"We have to expect the unexpected," Caldeira added. "The safest way to reduce climate risk is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions."
###
David Keith of Harvard and Ben Kravitz, formerly of Carnegie but now at DOE's Pacific Northwest National Lab, are co-authors on the study.
The Carnegie Institution for Science is a private, nonprofit organization headquartered in Washington, D.C., with six research departments throughout the U.S. Since its founding in 1902, the Carnegie Institution has been a pioneering force in basic scientific research. Carnegie scientists are leaders in plant biology, developmental biology, astronomy, materials science, global ecology, and Earth and planetary science.
?
AAAS and EurekAlert! are not responsible for the accuracy of news releases posted to EurekAlert! by contributing institutions or for the use of any information through the EurekAlert! system.
Source: http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2012-10/ci-ieo101812.php
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From The Wall Street Journal?..
The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) is launching a major new initiative in its fight against childhood obesity, focusing on both prevention and treatment of what has become a major threat to children?s health in the U.S. The new AAP Institute for Healthy Childhood Weight, to be launched Oct. 20-23 at the AAP National Conference & Exhibition in New Orleans, will lead the academy?s efforts in providing pediatricians, families and communities with evidence-based resources to help prevent and treat childhood obesity.
To view the multimedia assets associated with this release, please click http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/american-academy-of-pediatrics-launches-institute-to-battle-childhood-obesity-175016361.html
?Obesity is epidemic in childhood and presents a threat to both child health and to health across the lifespan,? said Sandra Hassink, MD, FAAP, chair of the steering committee of the Institute. ?Pediatricians are in the best position to combat childhood obesity because they are dedicated to children?s health and well-being and build long-term, trusting relationships with families. The Institute for Healthy Childhood Weight will provide pediatricians and other professionals with the tools and knowledge they need to provide care that begins with research and ends in real results.?
The Institute, housed within the AAP, will be funded by a diverse base of corporate sponsors and grants from government and foundations that understand and support the mission and vision of the Institute. As the founding sponsor, Nestle is providing the substantial funding required to launch the Institute.
?In the 10 years since we embarked on the Nestle Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study (FITS) to understand childhood dietary patterns, our commitment to addressing the childhood obesity epidemic has only deepened,? said Jose Saavedra, M.D., FAAP, Medical Director, Nestle Nutrition. ?Our support as the founding sponsor for this new initiative builds on this long-term dedication to the healthy growth and development of all children.?
The Institute will focus on translating policies, best practices and emerging scientific evidence into practical solutions for health care providers, communities and individual families.
For example, earlier this year the AAP released the Healthy Active Living for Families resources, based on research the AAP conducted with parents of young children to learn what type of nutrition and exercise guidance they would welcome. The project, supported in part by a grant from Nestle, created a set of tools on HealthyChildren.org, the AAP website for parents, which offers families interactive features, quizzes and personalized tips to help them make healthy choices around nutrition and exercise for children from birth to age 5. The project will be demonstrated at the Academy?s meeting in New Orleans Sunday, Oct. 21, and can be seen at www.healthychildren.org/growinghealthy .
For pediatricians, the AAP developed the Pediatric ePractice: Optimizing Your Obesity Care, a new virtual office platform funded by a grant from United Health Foundation that showcases all the resources pediatric practices need to conduct obesity prevention, assessment, and treatment.
Many organizations are playing vital roles in the field of obesity prevention; the AAP will fill an important gap by focusing on the health of all children, including those 30 percent who are already overweight and obese.
To read the full story?..Click here
Source: http://www.lensaunders.com/wp/?p=5747
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Here?s doozy of a trade to break up an otherwise quiet day around major league baseball.
Per announcements from the clubs involved, the Diamondbacks, Athletics and Marlins have pulled off a three-way trade which will send Heath Bell to Arizona and Chris Young to Oakland.
Here are the specifics as we have them right now:
The Diamondbacks dealt outfielder Chris Young and cash considerations to the Athletics for infielder Cliff Pennington and prospect infielder Yordy Cabrera. The Diamondbacks then sent Cabrera to the Marlins in exchange for reliever Heath Bell to complete the three-team deal.
Clark Spencer of the Miami Herald reports that the Diamondbacks will cover $13 million of the $21 million remaining on Bell?s contract. It?s clear that something had to be done with the disgruntled reliever after his disastrous first season in Miami, where he clashed with manager Ozzie Guillen and even some teammates. With that in mind, the Marlins have to be thrilled that they were able to not only get rid of Bell, but somehow convince the Diamondbacks to cover the majority of his remaining salary.
We knew the Diamondbacks would likely deal at least one of their outfielders this winter, but it?s hard to believe Kevin Towers couldn?t do better than this as a return for Young, especially considering the money they will now owe to a declining reliever. And in a poor environment for a bounceback, to boot. Towers must really like Pennington, but it?s hard to understand the rush. The Diamondbacks picked up the option on J.J. Putz?s contract for 2013 this morning, so Bell will be asked to pitch in a set-up role with his new club.
This looks like an excellent deal for the Athletics, even though Young is a bit of a curious fit with Yoenis Cespedes and Josh Reddick set in the corner outfield spots and Coco Crisp under contract for $7 million for next season. Still, hard to pass up a deal for a talented center fielder at this price. They likely got a bit of a discount because of Young?s shoulder injury from this season.
Young, 29, is owed $8.5 million in 2013 while his contract includes an $11 million club option for 2014 or a $1.5 million buyout. Per Steve Gilbert of MLB.com, the Diamondbacks are sending $500,000 to Oakland as part of the deal.
Given the surplus of outfield talent with the A?s, it wouldn?t be surprising if we see some more wheeling and dealing from Billy Beane soon, possibly with a deal involving Crisp or Seth Smith. It?s also worth noting that by dealing Pennington to the Diamondbacks, the A?s are more likely to exercise their portion of the $10 million player option Stephen Drew?s contract for next season.
Cabrera was ranked as the No. 15 prospect in the Athletics? organization by Baseball America coming into this season, but his numbers have been pretty underwhelming as a pro. The 22-year-old has a .230/.297/.351 batting line and a .648 OPS over three seasons and has yet to play above High-A. This was mostly about the Marlins getting out from under Bell?s contract. And they certainly accomplished that goal.
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Members of the kinesiology exercise science faculty are, front row, from left, Brendon McDermott, Matthew Ganio and Stavros Kavouras; back row, Inza Fort, Michelle Gray, Jeff Bonacci and Tyrone Washington.
October, 2012
When you?re building a great team, you recruit from the best schools. That?s true from basketball to biomechanics.
The University of Arkansas in the past two years hired three professors who are graduates of the University of Connecticut, the top-ranked kinesiology program in the nation for 10 years in a row. The three new hires and two other young professors with impressive early research productivity combine with veteran faculty members for an exercise science program with the potential to make a big impact, particularly in the area of hydration.
The Connecticut alumni are Matthew Ganio, who joined the College of Education and Health Professions faculty in the fall of 2011, and?Brendon McDermott and Stavros Kavouras, who joined the faculty this fall. Ganio and McDermott earned their doctoral degrees from Connecticut in 2009, and Kavouras earned his in 1997.
Michelle Gray, who earned her doctorate from the University of Arkansas in 2007, and Tyrone Washington, who earned his from the University of South Carolina in 2008, round out the five-person kinesiology roster. Gray is in her third year on the faculty, and Washington is in his second year.
Inza Fort?is the veteran of the exercise science faculty. She came to the university in 1983 and is currently serving as co-director of the university?s Wally Cordes Teaching and Faculty Support Center and as program coordinator for exercise science.
Jeff Bonacci, clinical assistant professor, directs the athletic training education program, one of 27 entry-level master?s programs in athletic training education in the United States and the only accredited program in the Southeastern Conference.
?This team and the work they are doing is extraordinary,? said Tom Smith, dean of the College of Education and Health Professions. ?They are learning new things every day in the areas of hydration, thermoregulation of the body, strength and fitness as we age, and in general what is going on inside our bodies when we move. We?re talking about everyone from marathon runners to older people who carry their own groceries and make their beds. The information this talented group of faculty discovers in their research will improve lives across the board.?
The National Academy of Kinesiology ranked Connecticut?s doctoral program in kinesiology No. 1 in the nation. The five-year ranking in effect through 2015 was based on data from 2005 through 2009 and took into account nine performance metrics involving faculty and seven measures involving students.
Ganio and McDermott serve on the Medical and Science Advisory Board of the Korey Stringer Institute, a research and advocacy institute based at UConn whose goal is to prevent sudden death and illness in sports. Kavouras serves as a European adviser for the Gatorade Sports Science Institute, which also uses research and education in hydration, as well as nutrition science, to help athletes optimize their health and performance.
Ganio, Kavouras and McDermott have worked together and gotten to know each other at research conferences since leaving Connecticut.
?We are all interested in the area of thermoregulation and hydration,? Kavouras said. ?Of course, each one of us sees the same picture but from a slightly different point of view. I am thrilled working with these great scientists. We know very well that working together will make all of us more productive.?
No other issue may be as important in athletic performance as proper hydration of the body, but researchers are discovering that even mild levels of dehydration also may affect cognitive function, not just at the gym or playing field, but in the classroom or boardroom.
?Even though water is the most important nutrient, we tend to forget it,? Kavouras said. ?A significant percent of people tend to under-drink and so are chronically mildly dehydrated. This phenomenon happens because we don?t feel thirsty until we are already dehydrated.
?We have found that a mild degree of dehydration has detrimental effects both in health and exercise performance,? he continued. ?I believe that scientific knowledge on hydration and health is approximately where smoking research was in the 1970s. There are still many things to learn.?
During the past several years, Kavouras, a native of Greece, has taught and conducted research at Harokopio University of Athens, where he has been working on a basic but important question: Is there a benefit of maintaining optimal hydration or should we drink based on our thirst?
?In a series of studies, we have found that even a mild degree of dehydration can decrease exercise performance both in kids and adults while augmenting the risk of heat injuries,? Kavouras said. ?In a separate study, we found that this same small degree of dehydration makes arteries stiffer, an effect that has been observed following cigarette smoking.?
A certified athletic trainer, McDermott focuses on exertional heat stroke and how hydration relates to aspects of heat illness. He is interested not just in how these issues affect athletes but how they affect people who work in physically strenuous jobs, such as construction or firefighting, who also must perform in extreme weather conditions.
?I love working with athletes who are motivated and driven people, but there are forgotten athletes I want to work with ? soldiers, firefighters, law enforcement officers,? McDermott said. ?All of these people have to deal with heat in the performance of their work. A lot of times the job they do can affect life and death.?
In?human performance laboratories such as the one at Arkansas, which Ganio directs, researchers use various scientific methods to study hydration status of the body, including measures of blood plasma volume, skin blood flow and sweat.
?For me, the challenge is that, you control as much as you can in a field setting, but extraneous variables come into play more than they will in a laboratory,? McDermott said. ?We also have to design studies that are feasible and don?t hinder what a coach is trying to achieve with a team.?
Some of his research at the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga showed that symptoms of dehydration can be similar to those experienced by people with a concussion.
?You get a headache, you feel nausea and fatigue with both, we found,? McDermott said. ?Reaction time also was slowed when a person was dehydrated.?
He also plans to conduct future research about how heat affects sudden cardiac death.
?In the lab, it will be great to start to figure out the interplay between heat, hydration and cardiac stress,? he said.
Gray?s research focuses on physiological changes as people age. Specifically, she?s studying how muscular strength and muscular power relate to functional fitness in people over 70. She would like to come up with a measure of functional fitness for older adults that is easy to assess in the community.
?As we age, it is less important how much weight we can lift or how many repetitions we can do,? Gray said. ?The focus has been shifted away from physical fitness to functional fitness; it?s about having the strength to live independently and take care of themselves, she said.
She studies a condition called sarcopenia, which is age-related loss of muscle.
?Is sarcopenia actually caused by aging or is it lack of activity?? she asked. ?This question has yet to be answered adequately.?
Fort and Gray work together in the college?s Office for Studies on Aging, which Gray co-directs. The office submitted a grant proposal to the National Institutes of Health for funding to support research into functional fitness in elderly that focuses on high-velocity exercise, Fort said. If funded, the research would draw in elements of community, she said.
?We have proposed using people affiliated with a faith-based organization such as a church to see whether that affiliation enhances their ability to get the benefits of exercise,? Fort said.
Washington studies how skeletal muscle changes when subjected to different stimuli. He particularly wants to learn how muscle regenerates after it is damaged by overuse, injury or disease.
?I?m looking at what?s happening at the cell level, what genes are being turned on, what pathways are activated, what proteins are expressed,? said Washington, who is a molecular biologist. ?We know that inflammation plays a role. Many diseases are associated with low, chronic systemic inflammation that damages tissue. Inflammation sets the stage for the regeneration process, but when it lasts too long that?s when damage occurs.?
Ganio?s research centers on how the cardiovascular thermoregulatory system works in human beings.
?Together, the cardiovascular and thermoregulatory system allows you to continue working in extreme environments, like the heat,? he said. ?They serve an extremely important function in every human, but we don?t know a lot about how they specifically do their job.?
There?s very little research on thermoregulation in the older adult population that Gray studies.
?If we are going to prescribe exercise to older adults, especially when the temperature outside is in triple digits like it was this summer with 70 to 80 percent humidity, we have to bring them into our lab in a controlled environment to determine physiologically what is going on in their bodies,? she said.
Ganio is also interested in learning why people don?t exercise to the degree they should and whether there are physiological barriers to blame. Fewer than half of adults meet the minimum exercise requirements set by the American College of Sports Medicine. This lack of exercise results in serious health problems such as obesity and diabetes. He has been doing studies about how body size influences body temperature response to exercising in high temperature environments.
?Does adipose fat impair blood flow and sweating in such a way that it affects our ability to exercise?? he asked. ?In the lab, we can detect sweating even before it is visible to the naked eye.?
Washington is also interested in how obesity affects the cellular processes he studies.
?Is an obese individual?s muscle growth impaired?? he asked. ?What?s going on there? What makes an obese person more prone to muscle damage? Is it some sort of cross-talk between fat and muscles??
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Source: http://coehp.uark.edu/colleague/11467.php
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